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    McCullough, Willard, 49–52, 53, 61, 101, 127
    McGee’s Hardware Store, 54
    McNulty Park, internment at, 59, 71
    Martial law, conditions under, 74–78
    Martin, L. J., 83, 90–91
    Mayo brothers, 59
    Miller, Dr. George H., 130
    Moore, George, 40
    Moran, John, 32
    Mt. Zion Baptist Church, 57, 70, 129
    National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): on white militancy, 23
       supporters in Tulsa, 24
       initiates “Tulsa Relief and Defense Fund,” 82
       financial contributions to relief work, 82, 92
       formation of Tulsa chapter, 103–104
    National Guard
    —black views of, 77–78
    —combined units: riot activities, 61–62, 74
       care of wounded, 66
       at internment centers, 71–72
       other postriot actions, 74–78
    —Oklahoma units: mobilized, 53–54
       arrival in Tulsa, 61, withdrawal of, 76–78
    —Tulsa units: armory incident, 50–51;
       mobilized, 53–54
       riot actions, 54, 59;
       held in alert, 76
       response to rumor of black counterattack, 78
    Native Americans: in Tulsa area, 8, 12;
       and slavery, 19
    New York Times, 66, 74
    Nida, Homer, 38
    Niles, Alva J., 83, 90
    Oil Field Workers Union, 26–29. See also Industrial Workers of the World
    Oil industry, in Tulsa and Oklahoma, 9–11
    Oklahoma: growth of, 8–11
       race relations in, 19, 20, 24–25
       effort to make into all-black state, 19
       Jim Crow laws in, 19
       racial violence in, 19–20
       lynchings in, 19–20, 24, 38–44, 128
       effects of riot on, 107
    Oklahoma City Black Dispatch, 69
    “Oklahoma Clubs,” 19
    Oklahoma Eagle, 106, 107
    Oklahoma Hospital, 66, 67
    Oklahoma Ironworks, 34–35
    Oklahoma Sun, 14, 70, 74
    Page, Sarah, 46–48, 97, 100
    Parrish, Mary E. Jones, 63, 76, 79, 82, 92, 103–105
    Pew, J. Edgar, 25
    Police, Tulsa: black officers, 14, 33–38
       in IWW incident (1917), 25–28, 30–33
       in Leonard incident (1919), 35–38
       in Belton incident (1920), 38–43
       initial handling of Rowland-Page incident, 47–48
       response to courthouse mob, 49–54
       riot actions, 53–57, 59–61, 63, 74
       medical claims against, 67
       aerial reconnaissance, 78
       views of by grand jury, 96–97
       and nature of local law enforcement, 99–100
       and riot causation, 101–102
    “Police Protection” cards, 72, 75
    Powers, W. J., 25
    Prostitution, in Tulsa, 16, 96, 99–100
    Pullman Company, 78
    Race relations: U.S., World War I era, 17–25
       Oklahoma, 19–20
       resurgence of militant white supremacist beliefs, 20–22
       black self-defense ideologies, 23–25
    Race riot, Tulsa (1921): Rowland-Page incident, 45–47
       May 31, 1921, issue of the Tulsa Tribune, 47–49
       gathering of lynch mob, 49–51
       outbreak of violence, 51–53
       deputization of whites, 54
       gun procurement by whites, 54–55
       first fire, 55
       invasion of black Tulsa, 55–57
       burning and looting by whites, 57–58
       atrocities, 59
       internment of blacks, 60–61
       National Guard activities, 61–63
       use of airplanes, 63
       final fighting, 63–66
       casualty estimates, 66–69
       property loss estimates, 69–70
       causes of, 98–102
       effects on city, 102–104
       white oral tradition, 104–105, 106–107
       black oral tradition, 105–106
       effects on Oklahoma, 107
       rioters, probable social origins, 104–105
    Randolph, A. Philip, 23
    Reader’s Digest, 107
    Real Estate Exchange. See Tulsa Real Estate Exchange
    Reconstruction Committee: appointed by Mayor Evans, 84
       favors Union Station project, 85
       rejects Chamber of Commerce report, 86
       activities of, 88–89
       sub-committees, 133
    Red Cross: reopens Cinnabar Hospital, 66
       care of riot victims, 66–67
       estimates of riot casualties, 67, 69, 70
       estimates of property losses, 70
       estimates of exodus from