project, 85–86
effects on rebuilding, 90
—Executive Welfare Committee: finances Oklahoma Sun, 74
organized, 82–83
activities, 83–86
disbanded, 84
financial contribution to the Red Cross, 92
Chappelle, P. A., 87–88
Cherry, Clarence, 109
Cherry, James, 35
Chicago Defender, 63
“Choc” (Choctaw beer): defined, 16, 121
“choc” joints, 16, 96, 120
Churches, Tulsa, black, 13, 14. See also Appendix I and individual churches
Churches, Tulsa, white: as internment centers, 71
relief efforts, 79
Cinnabar Hospital, 66, 67
City Commission, Tulsa: claims against, 70, 130
finances “Police Protection” cards, 72
approves Reconstruction Committee, 84
enacts fire ordinances, 85
blacks protest actions of, 86–87
nature of postriot policies, 88–89
rulings and effects on rebuilding, 89–90
financial contribution to Red Cross, 92. See also Reconstruction Committee
Cleaver, Barney, 14, 35–38, 49–51
Clinton, Dr. Fred S., 67
Cole, Redmond S., 125
“Colored Citizens Committee and East End Welfare Board.” See East End Welfare Board
Condon, Eugene, 124
Convention Hall, internment at, 59, 61–62, 72
Cooke, Reverend Harold G., 76
Court cases, postriot, 87–89, 97, 135. See also Grand jury
Crime and vice conditions, in Tulsa, 16, 39, 96, 99–100
Crisis, 23
Daley, C. W., 55–57
“Deep Greenwood.” See Greenwood, Avenue and business district Dreamland Theatre, 3, 70
Drexel Building, 46
Du Bois, W. E. B., 23, 24
Dunbar School, 14
Dunn, R. C., and Company, 70
East End Welfare Board, 79, 87, 89, 92
Ellison, Ralph, vii, 105, 107
Evans, T. D.: as judge at IWW trial, 28, 30
as mayor, 43, 61, 84, 85, 88, 127
Executive Welfare Committee. See
Chamber of Commerce, Tulsa
Fairchild, Robert, 45, 52
Fairgrounds, internment at, 59, 61,
71–72, 75
Fire ordinances, 85–88, 89, 133
Fox, E. L., 124
Freeling, S. P., 94, 97
Free Speech Fight, Tulsa (1914), 29
Franklin, B. C, 87–88, 109–110, 135
Franklin, John Hope, 17, 109, 135
Frissel Hospital, 67
Gap Band, 15
Garvey, Marcus, 23
Gill, Loren L., 47–48, 70, 127
Glenn Pool, oil discovery, 9
Grand jury, investigating riot: impanelled, 94
activities, 95
report, 95–97
“Grandfather Clause,” 19
Grant, Madison, 20
Green Peach War, 12
Greenwood, Avenue and business district: probable source of name, 120
early settlement, 14–16
Greenwood and Archer (intersection), 14–15; “Deep Greenwood,” 15–16, 57
postriot history, 108–110
mentioned, 1–2
Greenwood Chamber of Commerce, 108
Gurley, Emma, 57, 70
Gurley, O. W., 57, 99
Gustafson, John, 42–43, 51–52, 53, 97, 101, 127, 134
Hantaman, Nathan, 102–103
Harlow’s Weekly, 97
Harmon, Marie, 40–42, 126
Hill, Professor J. H., 14
“Home Guards,” 76–77, 131
Hurley, Colonel P. J., 78
Hutchins, G. W, 14
Indians. See Native Americans Industrial Workers of the World (IWW): in Oklahoma, 26–27, 33
Tulsa office, 26–27, 33
Oil Field Workers Union, 26–29
incident in Tulsa involving (1917), 25–33
Internment, conditions, 71–72, 75. See also Convention Hall
Inter-Racial Commission, 76
IWW. See Industrial Workers of the World
Jackson, Dr. A. C, 59
Jacobs, Henry, 50
Joe Lockett v. City of Tulsa, 87–88
Johnson, O. T., 69
Jones, Richard Lloyd, 48
“Junior” Ku Klux Klan, 22
Kirkpatrick, Major Byron, 53–54
“Knights of Liberty,” 30–33
Kopp, H. E., 90
Krieger, Charles, 125
Ku Klux Klan: rebirth of, 20
in Oklahoma, 99
in Tulsa, 20–22, 98, 102–103, 122
Latimer, J. C, 72
Leonard, O. W., incident involving (1919), 33–38
Loupe, E. A., 76–77
Lorton, Eugene, 29, 124
Lucas, E. L., 25, 32
Lynchings: U.S., 17–18
Moultrie, Georgia, 18
in Oklahoma, 19–20, 24, 128
in Tulsa, 38–44, 102–103, 126
McCabe, Edwin P., 19
Macedonia Baptist Church,