Read 5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition for Free Online

stimulus is the reinforcer.
    25. B— ( Chapter 10 ) The pidgeon does not discriminate among the different lights. Responding the same way to other colors of light as to yellow light is generalizing.
    26. A— ( Chapter 10 ) The teacher wanted someone to turn off the alarms. She reinforced closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior, which is known as shaping.
    27. D— ( Chapter 10 ) Tom wants to drive the car, but because of his behavior, his parents took the car away from him. This is called omission training or negative punishment.
    28. D— ( Chapter 10 ) JoBeth learned by observing her mother and imitating the behavior.
    29. B— ( Chapter 11 ) Syntax is the set of rules that regulate the
order
in which words can be combined into grammatically sensible sentences in a language.
    30. A— ( Chapter 11 ) Ralph is looking only for instances that uphold his hypothesis, not for instances that disconfirm it, so he is showing the confirmation bias.
    31. A— ( Chapter 11 ) Mnemonic devices are memory tricks that help us retrieve information from long-term memory.
    32. B— ( Chapter 11 ) Implicit memory stores memories of procedural skills.
    33. E— ( Chapter 11 ) A heuristic is a “rule of thumb,” a shortcut to an answer that is usually, but not always, correct.
    34. C— ( Chapter 11 ) We often incorporate information that was not presented into our memories of events.
    35. B— ( Chapter 12 ) Homeostasis is the maintenance of the steady state of metabolism in our bodies. Reestablishing equilibrium is the goal of drive reduction.
    36. B— ( Chapter 12 ) Bingeing and purging characterize bulimia nervosa.
    37. E— ( Chapter 12 ) All three factors define emotions.
    38. B— ( Chapter 12 ) The sympathetic nervous system is activated when the body is aroused, which dilates pupils, slows digestion, speeds the heart, speeds breathing, increases perspiration, etc.
    39. C— ( Chapter 12 ) Facial expressions seem to be universal across all cultures.
    40. D— ( Chapter 13 ) The Y chromosome determines that the fertilized egg will develop into a male baby, no matter how many X chromosomes are present.
    41. A— ( Chapter 13 ) The lower limit is the level at which the child can solve the problem working alone, whereas the upper limit requires the child to work hard with a mentor to solve the problem.
    42. D— ( Chapter 13 ) Chemicals that damage the embryo or fetus, such as alcohol, are teratogens.
    43. B— ( Chapter 13 ) Continuity is gradual change and discontinuity occurs in stages.
    44. C— ( Chapter 13 ) As a happily married man, Darren seems to identify himself as a heterosexual male, which is appropriate according to traditionalists. Traditionally, however, nursery school teachers are women, so being a nursery school teacher would be regarded as an inappropriate role for a male.
    45. A— ( Chapter 14 ) Of Freud’s three personality constructs (the id, ego, and superego), the id is the one guided by the pleasure principle.
    46. D— ( Chapter 14 ) Regression is a retreat to an earlier level of development characterized by more immature, pleasurable behavior (in this case oral behavior).
    47. E— ( Chapter 14 ) Reciprocal determinism theory states that characteristics of the person, the person’s behavior, and the environment all affect one another in two-way causal relationships.
    48. E— ( Chapter 14 ) According to Eysenck, neuroticism is our level of instability and extroversion is our sociability.
    49. E— ( Chapter 14 ) The Rorschach presents ambiguous inkblots so that test takers will project their unconscious thoughts or feelings onto them.
    50. D— ( Chapter 15 ) In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are the same score.
    51. C— ( Chapter 15 ) Salovey and Mayer described emotional intelligence as the ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions.
    52. D— ( Chapter 15 ) All good tests must have content validity and reliability. Aptitude tests, but not