Read 5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition for Free Online Page A

achievement tests, must have predictive validity.
    53. A— ( Chapter 15 ) Heritability is the proportion of variation among individuals in a population that results from genetic causes. All polar bears inherit transparent hairs that appear white. None of the variation results from genetic causes.
    54. B— ( Chapter 15 ) Claude Steele hypothesizes that at least part of the difference in scores can be attributed to anxiety that influences members of a group concerned that their performance on a test will confirm a negative stereotype.
    55. B— ( Chapter 16 ) Abnormal behavior is statistically rare, violates cultural norms, personally interferes with day-to-day living, and legally may cause a person to be unable to know right from wrong. Her behavior seems bizarre to others, but not to her.
    56. C— ( Chapter 16 ) According to Freudian theory, all abnormal behavior results from unconscious conflicts that have not been resolved.
    57. C— ( Chapter 16 ) Narcissistic personality is characterized by preoccupation with fantasies about ultimate power, riches, brilliance, or beauty, as well as an unwarranted sense of self-importance.
    58. A— ( Chapter 16 ) A hallucination is a sensory experience in the absence of an external stimulus, which in this case is hearing a voice that isn’t there.
    59. E— ( Chapter 16 ) DSM-IV classifies disorders into 17 major categories according to their symptoms.
    60. D— ( Chapter 17 ) Systematic desensitization is the only behavioral therapy listed. It has been very helpful in lessening fear step-by-step.
    61. E— ( Chapter 17 ) Humanistic therapy focuses on the present and future, conscious thoughts and feelings, and promoting growth. Psychoanalytic therapy focuses on unconscious thoughts and feelings in the past and on curing illness.
    62. D— ( Chapter 17 ) Aversive conditioning is a type of counterconditioning. An association is formed between an obnoxious stimulus (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol).
    63. B— ( Chapter 17 ) Bright light exposure in the morning results in lower secretion of the sleep-inducing hormone melatonin and protects against depression.
    64. A— ( Chapter 17 ) Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are classified as SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), which prevent the presynaptic neuron from reabsorbing serotonin, leaving more serotonin in the synapse to bind to receptor sites on postsynaptic neurons, enabling them to fire.
    65. B— ( Chapter 18 ) Foot-in-the-door phenomenon is the tendency for a person who has agreed to a limited commitment to later agree to a more significant commitment.
    66. C— ( Chapter 18 ) Social facilitation is the improved performance of well-learned or simple tasks in the presence of others.
    67. D— ( Chapter 18 ) The bystander effect, the tendency for bystanders not to help someone in need when others are present, often results from diffusion of responsibility and lack of recognition of the need. Specifying someone to perform a specific task generally results in the person doing that job.
    68. D— ( Chapter 18 ) Research by Burnstein and Vinokur has shown that when a group is evenly split on an issue, participants in a discussion partially convince each other that their own positions are valid, and participants moderate their positions—but this seems to be true only when group members are evenly divided and equally passionate about their views.
    69. C— ( Chapter 18 ) Social psychology studies how the individual thinks about, influences, and relates to others and how others relate to him/her; sociology emphasizes the behavior and functions of groups.
    70. E— ( Chapter 18 ) According to evolutionary psychologists, our behavior tends to help perpetuate our genes. We are, thus, more likely to help close kin who are likely to reproduce than others. If we need to choose others to help in life or death situations, we will tend to choose those who may benefit us or our kin.
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