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people from being conquered by rival kingdoms even more oppressive than Rome; to bow to the tide of Roman expansion.” Dio sighed. “In my lifetime, Rome has gained Pergamum, Cyrene and Bithynia by inheritance, and Pontus and Syria by conquest. Two years ago Rome seized Cyprus without a skirmish; King Ptolemy’s brother committed suicide. Rome has overrun the East. Of all the kingdoms that grew out of the empire of Alexander the Great, only one remains: Egypt.”
    “And now the rumors are circulating again, about a will made by Alexander II bequeathing Egypt to Rome,” I said. “King Ptolemy’s sleep must be uneasy.”
    Trygonion nodded sagely. “I wouldn’t care to be the slave who has to change his bed sheets.”
    “Vulgar, vulgar,” Dio muttered through clenched teeth. “Rome now dominates the East. This is a fact which no one denies. But the people of Egypt demand a ruler who will resist that domination. Our land was ancient beyond imagining even before Alexander the Great came and founded Alexandria. The kingdom he established flourishedwith beauty and learning while Romulus and Remus were infants suckling the she-wolf. We have no need of Roman ways or Roman government. But instead of standing firm against Roman domination, King Ptolemy quivers with fright and offers whatever concessions are demanded of him. The people of Alexandria demand that he redeem Cyprus from Roman rule and restore it to the kingdom; instead he plays host to the Roman commissioner sent to plunder the island. To quiet talk about the alleged will, he gives a ‘gift’ of thirty-five million denarii to Caesar and Pompey, so that Caesar can bribe the Roman Senate and Pompey can pay off his own troops. The bill is passed along to the people of Egypt in the form of higher taxes. Our taxes go directly into the pockets of Roman senators and soldiers—we might as well be a Roman province! And what does King Ptolemy receive in return? A tentative acknowledgment by the Roman Senate of his legitimacy as king, and a plaque set up on the Capitoline Hill, inscribed to the honor of Ptolemaios Theos Philopator Philadelphos Neos Dionysos, ‘Friend and Ally of the Roman People.’ To be a friend and ally is all very well, but to pay for the privilege he bleeds his own people white with taxes. The people’s anger finally drove Ptolemy to flee the city, fearing for his life. He fled all the way here to Rome, where Pompey put him up in a great rambling villa with a vast household of slaves to serve him.”
    “For thirty-five million denarii, he should expect such royal treatment!” said Trygonion.
    Dio scowled. “He spends his time practicing his flute and drafting letters to the Senate begging them to restore him to his throne against the wishes of the Egyptian people. But it is too late for that. His daughter Berenice has already been named queen of Egypt.”
    “A woman?” said Trygonion, who seemed genuinely intrigued.
    “It was not my choice,” said Dio hastily. “Philosophers have influence in Alexandria, but so do astrologers. It wasthe star-gazers who insisted that the time is right for a woman of the Ptolemaic line to rule Egypt.”
    “It strikes me that you may be too hard on King Ptolemy, Teacher,” I said cautiously. “All his life he’s seen kingdom after kingdom swallowed up by Roman imperialism, sometimes by war, sometimes by statecraft. His position has always been precarious. He must know that he’s kept his throne this long only because the Romans can’t settle among themselves who should reap the rewards when Egypt is taken over. I know something of these matters, Teacher. A man can’t live in Rome and be entirely ignorant of what goes on in the Forum. During Ptolemy’s reign there have been several attempts by the Senate to act on the alleged will of Alexander II and to stake a Roman claim on Egypt. Only the Senate’s internal bickering and rivalries have prevented those attempts from being carried out. During