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own.
    My husband always liked to have his breakfast in peace and quiet and not to see people until he had a chance to read his morning paper. But at times of stress even this rule is ignored and gentlemen come to confer from eight o’clock in the morning, and it is all he can do to get dressed and get over to his office. There is never a free evening. Evenings are times for conferences and work with one or two people over knotty problems, or for dictating. It is rare for either of us to go to bed much before twelve or one o’clock, and we have been working at our desks all evening long. Occasionally there is a movie after dinner. Even if you cannot have a rest in one way, at least your mind must get some change. But when the movie is over, back to his desk goes the president.
    This routine is not just because the duties are what they are today, for every other president has found the burden a heavy one. I can remember personally back to Theodore Roosevelt’s day, and he always went to work after dinner. There are stories of how both President and Mrs. Hoover worked, how engrossed Mr. Hoover was at all times and how he would even pass people without seeing them, his mind was so completely wrapped up in the questions before him. He hardly took time to eat, and certainly those who observed him doubted whether his mind, in the brief periods of relaxation which he allowed himself, ever left the difficult problems that had occupied it in office.
    Mr. Coolidge was a methodical gentleman and lived his years in the White House in rather placid times, so that he had time for some of the rest which he had been accustomed to every day. But even at that, there was no time hanging heavily on his hands and there were many evening sessions. Nearly every president has to have some form of exercise, for a sedentary life spent largely at a desk requires that individuals have regular air and exercise if they are to keep well. President Wilson played golf. But I seem to remember stories that he worked early andlate to pay for those hours spent on the golf course. And there were times when he could not get that amount of exercise and relaxation. Theodore Roosevelt had to be out of doors and took long rides and long walks and played tennis. But he was up early in the morning and often late at night.
    So when you feel the impulse to wonder why the occupants of the White House do this or that, just remember that their lives are very different from the lives of the average individual who works hard from nine to five and may have still some housework or some chores to do when returning home but who goes to bed fairly early and who frequently has the choice of how the evening shall be spent. I think every occupant of the White House will tell you that their choice is rarely a free one.

9.
    â€œPeace Through Education”
    Americans of Tomorrow Program for the Typewriter Educational Research Bureau
    Sunday, November 11, 1934, 7:45–8:00 p.m. (CBS)
    Two months after she signed off for mattresses, Eleanor Roosevelt was recruited by the typewriter industry to comment on the education of “Americans of Tomorrow.” A Sunday-evening radio program was created, and it premiered on November 11, 1934, on the CBS network. The commercial messages in the program promoted portable typewriters for schoolchildren in the months leading up to Christmas. ER made the broadcasts from New York, Washington, and Warm Springs, Georgia, where FDR had built a cottage and where he and other polio patients from around the world sought treatment.
    ER’s first broadcast focused on the power of education to promote peace in the world. ER had long been an outspoken critic of war and a proponent of international cooperation. In the 1920s she campaigned vigorously for pacifist causes such as American participation in theLeague of Nations and the World Court. In the 1930s, as first lady, she spoke on behalf of the Emergency Peace Committee organized by the