149; duties 36, 51, 132, 136–7, 139, 163, 190, 231–2; entertainments 27, 51–2, 82–8, 110–11; health 23, 29, 44–50; hours 2, 3, 18, 25, 27, 28, 34, 41–50, 55, 83, 88, 96, 97, 99–100, 107, 109, 110, 139, 147, 152, 158, 176, 217; part-time 196, 216, 217, 218; rules and penalties 24, 35, 37–9, 41, 45, 46, 50, 58, 93, 97, 99, 108, 139, 196; social clubs 27, 36, 110, 164–5; training 29, 111, 139, 150, 152, 175–6, 190, 211; wages 23–4, 38, 39, 47, 49, 50–1, 53, 55, 56, 57, 65, 81, 98, 101–2, 104, 108, 112–18, 139, 145–6, 147, 148, 152, 156, 157, 158– 61, 168–9, 172–3, 176, 184, 204, 216, 217, 218–19, 222, 225, 232; working conditions 2, 3, 18, 20, 34, 38–41, 42, 44–8, 50, 83, 85, 93–100, 106–10, 114, 115, 147, 152, 157–8, 162, 167, 168, 175
see also
‘living-in’
The Shop Girl
(musical comedy) 89
Shop Girls
(Applin) 84–5
Shop Hours Act, 1886 49, 50
Shop Hours League 46
Shop Hours Regulation Bill, 1873 43–4, 46
shop-lifting 74–5, 175
‘shop locally’ 230
shopocracy 23, 24, 81, 97, 117, 170
shop owners, female 177
shopping: co-operative movement and
see
co-operative movement; democratisation of 169–70; elevation of female customer 65–7; formality of experience 170, 172, 204; late-night 42; link between sex and 56; nineteenth-century experience of 4–5; overseas influence on British 15, 69–71, 72, 80, 127, 129–33, 134, 138–9, 141, 144, 167, 173, 176, 189, 195, 204, 206, 209, 229; philosophy of 73–4; shopping centres and 229–32; suffragism and
see
suffragism; unpleasant experience of 8–9; war and
see
First World War
and
Second World War, 229
see also individual store names
shopping malls 229
Shops Bill, 1904 109
shopwalkers and floorwalkers 35, 38, 83, 100, 132, 136, 137–8, 159, 174
Sketch
79
Skippon, John 7
Smiles, Samuel 104–5
Smith, Madeline 209
Smith, Paul 211
Smith, Samuel 5
Snowden, Philip 113
Social Notes
51–2
Social Twitters
51
Society for Promoting the Employment of Women 12–14, 43–4, 48
Solomon, Flora 165–6, 167–8, 172, 173, 174–5, 176
Spanish Civil War, 1936–9 179–80
Sparks
176
Spectator, The
44
Spencer, Tom 166
spending, post-war 215
Spurling, Hall 198
St Helens Traders’ Defence Association 105
St Helier, Jersey 183–4, 194–5, 199–200
Steer, George 179–80
Stephen, John 206
Stirling, Bobbie 159
Stoddart’s drapery store, Witney, Oxfordshire 3
‘The Store’ 103
Store Management
170
street-sellers 68
strikes 99, 108–9, 117, 118, 124, 155, 157–60, 168, 218–19
Sufffrage Annual Who’s Who
119
Suffragette, The
(play) 119
Suffragette, The
(magazine) 119
suffragism 118–25
Sunderland 107–8
Sunderland Co-op Society 107–8
Sunlight soap 134
Sutherst, Thomas 46–7, 49;
Death and Disease behind the Counter
46–7
Sutherland, Lucy Christiana (Lucile) 79–81
Swan & Edgar 119, 122, 228
sweated trades 113, 115
Tait, William 55;
An Inquiry into the Extent, Causes and Consequences of Prostitution in Edinburgh
56
Tatler
207
Taylor, Doris 198
Taylor, Frederick Winslow 130, 173
Taylorism 130
Teeton’s drapers, Hanley 117
textile workers 16, 34, 43, 49, 50, 94, 120, 155, 159, 228
Thatcher, Margaret 230–2, 233
theatre 87–9, 90, 119, 142, 159
They Also Serve
(documentary) 184–5
Thompson, Alice 198
Thompson, Mrs Gilchrist 95
tie-ins 171
Times, The
44, 45, 141, 157, 179, 181
Top Gear 210
trade boards 114–15
trade unions 93, 95, 98–103, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115–18, 120, 121, 125, 145, 152, 156–9, 218, 220, 221, 224
Traders’ Defence League 105
Trades Union Congress (TUC) 102, 221
Tradesman and Shopkeeper
105
Trollope, Anthony 66, 85
Tuffin, Sally 212
Turner, Louisa 90
Twenty Club 127
21 Shop 212, 213
Twiggy (Lesley Hornby) 213
unemployment 56, 90, 155, 160, 162, 168, 173, 215–16
Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW) 218, 221
United Shop Assistants Union of London 99
universities 49, 107, 124, 146, 162, 214,