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The teaching here for protectors is that even before the collision, your movement toward the attacker (and calling out "Gun!") is already bringing benefit to your mission. That's because the attacker becomes less and less capable of maintaining accurate aim as his heart rate increases. So, even if a protector is unable to collide with an attacker prior to all shots being fired, the effort itself can still have benefit. For an example, the accuracy of Hinckley's fifth shot was destroyed not by any collision or tackle, but by Hinckley's awareness of and reaction to Dennis McCarthy bearing down on him.

     

The Physical Power of Information
    The charts and statistics from TAD have an inherent power you can harvest right now if you're willing to take this knowledge deep into your cells: Just knowing that you can prevail -- just knowing what the body can do -- enhances what the body can do.
    A global example of this truth occurred when Sir Roger Bannister broke the four-minute mile. Prior to that, it was widely believed that the four-minute mile was the limit of human possibility, but after Bannister did it, runners all over the world were suddenly able to do it. Just knowing it was possible made it possible -- and you now know that protectors can prevail over attackers.
     
Right now and forever, banish the false belief that all attackers have advantages that make them too difficult to defeat.

    TAD has provided an excellent opportunity to assess which strategies are associated with protector success and which are associated with attacker success. Moving out of the small details, we'll now describe specifically how the lessons can be applied in day-to-day protective work, which is better thought of as moment-to-moment protective work.

DATTS (Down And To The Side)
    Our studies have shown that the best way to approach and interfere with an attacker who has already drawn a weapon (or is already firing it) is to push the gun arm Down And To The Side (DATTS). There are several reasons:
     
Ergonomically, the shooter has less ability to resist a downward push of his shooting arm than an upward push. If you try to push someone's arm up, you have a mechanical and muscular disadvantage, and they are likely to prevail. If you try to push someone's arm downward, you will prevail, even over a much stronger person.
As the DATTS diagram shows, sideways is the fastest route out of the lethal target zone. But, if you go sideways only, and don't also push down, you might be moving the gun into someone else's lethal target zone.
You do not want your actions to move the gun upward into position for a head shot that otherwise might not have occurred.
Your goal is to control both the gun and the attacker, and both tasks are more difficult if the gun is above your head.
In a crowd situation, a motion of yours coming from below is more likely to encounter interference from the arms and bodies of others.
    Though the DATTS acronym helps keep the best approach in mind, anyone who completes TAD training will already have the information firmly embedded in muscle memory.

     

Time Can Work for You
    In the TAD exercises described above, protectors have been told to expect the attack to occur within 30 seconds. There is another TAD exercise in which attackers can shoot at any point within a 10-minute period. Students often assume that with the longer time period, their performance will decrease, reasoning that they can't remain as attentive for 10 minutes as they can for 30 seconds.
    Perhaps surprisingly, TAD protectors are usually more successful in the 10-minute exercises. Why? Because given more time, the protector gets to know the attacker and the environment; he is able to establish a baseline against which to measure change. As in a poker game, the protector learns the attacker's tells, the small signals sent as he mentally and physically gets ready to attack. Perhaps there's a small but telltale change in his eyes, a change in respiration, a movement