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ed. Inscoe, 116–32; George W. Featherstonaugh,
Excursion through the Slave States
(New York: Harper and Bros., 1844), 53–54.
    27. See John Cimprich, “Slavery’s End in East Tennessee,” in
Appalachians and Race
, ed. Inscoe, 189–91; Robert Tracy McKenzie, “‘Oh! How Ours Is a Deplorable Condition’: The Economic Impact of the Civil War in Upper East Tennessee,” in
The Civil War in Appalachia: Collected Essays
, ed. Kenneth W. Noe and Shannon H. Wilson (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press), 200–203.
    28. Cimprich, “Slavery’s End in East Tennessee,” 189–91; Stuart Sprague, “From Slavery to Freedom: African-Americans in Eastern Kentucky, 1860–1884,”
Journal of the Appalachian Studies Association
5 (1993): 67–74.
    29. See John C. Inscoe, “Mountain Masters as Confederate Entrepreneurs: The Profitability of Slavery in Western North Carolina, 1861–1865,”
Slavery and Abolition
16 (Apr. 1995): 85–110; John C. Inscoe and Gordon B. McKinney,
The Heart of Confederate Appalachia: The Civil War in Western North Carolina
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 211–14. On eastern Kentucky, see Sprague, “From Slavery to Freedom,” 70.
    30. On Stoneman’s Raid, see Ina W. Van Noppen, “The Significance of Stoneman’s Last Raid,”
North Carolina Historical Review
(Jan. 1961): 19–44, (Apr. 1961):149-72, (July 1961): 341–61, (Oct. 1961): 500–526; Inscoe and McKinney,
The Heart of Confederate Appalachia
, 243–52, 261–63 (quote on p. 263, from Mary Taylor Brown to John Evans Brown, June 20, 1865, W. Vance Brown Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill).
    31. Robert P. Stuckert, “Black Populations of the Southern Appalachian Mountains,”
Phylon
48 (June 1987): 141 (table 1), 145.
    32. Sadie Smathers Patton,
The Kingdom of the Happy Land
(Asheville: Stephens Press, 1957); William Lynwood Montell,
The Saga of Coe Ridge: A Study in Oral History
(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1970).
    33. Lewis, “From Peasant to Proletarian,” 77–102 (statistical data on pp. 81 and 87).
    34. Lewis,
Black Coal Miners in America
, chap. 2, reprinted as “African American Convicts in the Coal Mines,” in
Appalachians and Race
, ed. Inscoe, 259–83.
    35. Gordon B. McKinney, “Southern Mountain Republicans and the Negro, 1865–1900,”
Journal of Southern History
41 (1975): 493–516, reprinted in
Appalachians and Race
, ed. Inscoe, 199–219.
    36. Harlan,
Booker T. Washington
, chap. 4; Joe William Trotter Jr., “The Formation of Black Community in Southern West Virginia Coal Fields,” in
Appalachians and Race
, ed. Inscoe, 284–301; Lewis, “From Peasant to Proletarian,” 87–96.
    37. Eric J. Olson, “Race Relations in Asheville, North Carolina: Three Incidents, 1868–1906,” in
The Appalachian Experience: Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Appalachian Studies Conference
, ed. Barry M. Buxton (Boone, N.C.: Appalachian Consortium Press, 1983), 153–56;Ann Field Alexander, “Like an Evil Wind: The Roanoke Riot of 1893 and the Lynching of Thomas Smith,”
Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
100 (Apr. 1992): 173–206.
    38. George C. Wright,
Racial Violence in Kentucky, 1865–1940: Lynchings, Mob Rule, and “Legal Lynchings”
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990), chap. 2 (see esp. table 4 on p. 73); W. Fitzhugh Brundage,
Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880–1930
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993), chap. 4. See also Brundage, “Racial Violence, Lynchings, and Modernization in the Mountain South,” in
Appalachians and Race
, ed. Inscoe, 302–16;Robert P. Stuckert, “Racial Violence in Southern Appalachia, 1880–1940,”
Appalachian Heritage
20 (Spring