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information on Freemasons.
    Benedetta Origo of Sienna, for information on her mother Iris Origo who was a rescuer in Italy, and for telling me to contact Milton Gendel. Frank Auerbach for information on how Iris Origo saved him, and Kate Austin at the Marlborough Galleries for biographical details on Frank Auerbach.
    Monica Porter of London, for information on her mother Vali Rácz, a rescuer in Budapest.
    Jaap van Proosdij of Pretoria, South Africa, for information about his rescues in the Netherlands.
    Maria Sanders of Poole for information on living in the Hague during the war, particularly the ‘Hunger Winter’ of 1944.
    John Schoen of Glamorgan, Wales for information on his parents Joost and Anna, who were rescuers in the Netherlands. John died in 2007. I am grateful to his son Peter Schoen, his nephew Ed van Rijswijk of Amsterdam, and Arleen Kennedy of Massachusetts, whose mother was hidden by the Schoen family, for additional information.
    Angela Schluter, for information on her mother Edith Hahn-Beer’s story of rescue in Austria.
    Doris and Ernest Stiefel of Seattle, for information on Else Pintus and her rescuers in Poland.
    Naomi Szinai of London, for information on her rescuers, in particular János Tóth, in Hungary.
    Margarita Turkov of Oregon, for information on her paid rescuer Pani Borciñska in Poland.
    Henry Walton of Worksop, for information on the rescuers of his parents, Siegmund and Grete Weltinger, in Berlin.
    Professor Irena Veisaite of Vilnius, for information on her rescuer Stefanija Ladigiené in Lithuania.
     
    Additionally, there are several other people I’d like to thank here. Three people in particular encouraged me through the long and difficult times between research and publication: Emeritus Professor Aubrey Newman of Leicester University was a kind advisor and also helped with proofreading; Kevin Patrick was a consistent support; and my dear friend Brenda Zinober held my hand through some difficult times. All three were always there for me when I needed their support.
    I would also like to thank Sir Martin Gilbert for his support over many years and for kindly writing his generous Foreword when he was so busy with the Chilcot Inquiry.
    Thanks go to the staff of the British Library, the Freemasons’ Library, the Friends’ House Library, the Wiener Library and Yad Vashem for their help, and Phil Jacobs, Tom Keve, Bernadette Landréa and Hamish Ritchie for their translations from Italian, Hungarian, French and German respectively.
    This book would never have happened without the input and encouragement of: Robert Smith, who helped me write my book proposal and introduced me to Daniel Crewe, who pointed me in the right direction; my editor at The History Press, Simon Hamlet, and his team of Abbie and Christine, with Hazel, who aided the promotion of the book, who all gave me faith in my work and made publication a very pleasant process; my middle son Ben, who helped in many practical ways, as well as my other two sons Dan and Simon; allthree encouraged me when I flagged. Finally, I remember with affection and gratitude my history mistress from Sutton High School, Miss Lucy Clarke (1903–93),
who gave me a love of history which has enriched my life.
     
    Inevitably, even with all this help, there will be mistakes and these, I am afraid, are mine alone.
     
    Agnes Grunwald-Spier
Sheffield and London

Appendix II
TABLES
TABLE 1: DETAILS OF RESCUERS AND INFORMANTS
    KEY:
    Face-to-face interview; notes made during interview, typed afterwards and corroborated with interviewee.
Unpublished memoirs or memoirs and letters; followed up with correspondence or telephone. Notes made and filed.
Video; follow-up as in 2.
Correspondence by letter or e-mail; follow-up as in 2.
Book or newspaper articles; follow-up as in 2.

    * Was in Blackburn when information was provided. Now in Belgium.
    ** Rescued – rescuers not known.

TABLE 2: RIGHTEOUS AMONG THE NATIONS AND NATIONAL POPULATIONS

    1 Figures from