HTLV-III antibodies in drug addicts in Spain . Lancet ( 1985 ), 2 : 156 –7.
11. Robert CF et al. Behavioural changes in intravenous drug users in Geneva: rise and fall of HIV infection, 1980–1989 . AIDS ( 1990 ), 4 : 657 –60.
12. Nicolosi A et al. Incidence and prevalence trends of HIV infection in intravenous drug users attending treatment centers in Milan and Northern Italy . JAIDS ( 1992 ), 5 : 365 –73.
13. Choopanya K et al. Risk factors and HIV seropositivity among injecting drug users in Bangkok . AIDS ( 1991 ), 5 : 1509 –13.
14. Strathdee SA et al. Needle exchange is not enough: lessons from the Vancouver injecting drug use study . AIDS ( 1997 ), 11 : F59 –F65.
15. Emmanuel F et al. Factors associated with an explosive HIV epidemic among injecting drug users in Sargodha, Pakistan . JAIDS ( 2009 ), 51 : 85 –90.
16. Kaplan EH et al. A model-based estimate of HIV infection via needle sharing . JAIDS ( 1992 ), 5 : 1116 –18.
17. Hudgens MG et al. Subtype-specific transmission probabilities for HIV-1 among injecting drug users in Bangkok . Am J Epidemiol ( 2002 ), 155 : 159 –68.
18. Mathers BM et al. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: a systematic review . Lancet ( 2008 ), 372 : 1733 –45.
19. Patrascu IV et al. HIV-1 infection in Romanian children . Lancet ( 1990 ), 1 : 672 .
20. Hersh B et al. AIDS in Romania . Lancet ( 1991 ), 338 : 645 –9.
21. Hersh B et al. The epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in Romania . AIDS ( 1991 ), 5 : S87 –S92.
22. Hersh B et al. Risk factors for HIV infection among abandoned Romanian children . AIDS ( 1993 ), 7 : 1617 –24.
23. Kozinetz CA et al. The burden of pediatric HIV/AIDS in Constanta, Romania: a cross-sectional study . BMC Infect Dis ( 2001 ), 1 : 7 .
24. Apetrei C et al. HIV-1 diversity in Romania . AIDS ( 1998 ), 12 : 1079 –85.
25. Guimaraes ML et al. Close phylogenetic relationship between Angolan and Romanian HIV-1 subtype F1 isolates . Retrovirology ( 2009 ), 6 : 39 .
26. Yerly S et al. Nosocomial outbreak of multiple bloodborne viral infections . J Infect Dis ( 2001 ), 184 : 369 –72.
27. Visco-Comandini U et al. Monophyletic HIV type 1 CRF02_AG in a nosocomial outbreak in Benghazi, Libya . AIDS Res Hum Retrovir ( 2002 ), 18 : 727 –32.
28. Hirsch M . Justice in Libya? Let scientific evidence prevail . J Infect Dis ( 2007 ), 195 : 467 –8.
29. de Oliveira T et al. HIV-1 and HCV sequences from Libyan outbreak . Nature ( 2006 ), 44 : 836 –7.
30. Bobkov A et al. Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in the former Soviet Union: analysis of env V3 sequences and their correlation with epidemiologic data . AIDS ( 1994 ), 8 : 619 –24.
31. Frank C et al. The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt . Lancet ( 2000 ), 355 : 887 –91.
32. Strickland GT . Liver disease in Egypt: Hepatitis C superseded schistosomiasis as a result of iatrogenic and biological factors . Hepatology ( 2006 ), 43 : 915 –22.
33. Pybus OG et al. The epidemiology and iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: a Bayesian coalescent approach . Molecular Biology & Evolution ( 2003 ), 20 : 381 –7.
34. Madhava V et al. Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in sub-Saharan Africa . Lancet Infect Dis ( 2002 ), 2 : 293 –302.
35. Nerrienet E et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in Cameroon: a cohort-effect . J Med Virol ( 2005 ), 76 : 208 –14.
36. Delaporte E et al. Hepatitis C in remote populations of southern Cameroon . Ann Trop Med Parasitol ( 1994 ), 88 : 97 –8.
37. Louis F et al. Grandes variations de la prévalence de l’infection par le virus C des hépatites en Afrique centrale . Med Trop (Mars) ( 1994 ), 54 : 277 –8.
38. Kowo M et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and other blood-borne viruses in Pygmies and neighbouring Bantus in southern Cameroon . Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg ( 1995 ), 89 : 484 –6.
39. Nkengasong J et al. A pilot study of