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minds, one for each section of the seminar. Thus, audience members file the points for each section under the appropriate mental folders. This makes the presentation easier for audience members to follow and remember.
    In his brilliant Commencement Address at Stanford University , Steve Jobs gave a brief roadmap of his speech:
“I will be sharing with you three stories. That’s all. Just three stories.”
    The lesson here is that you should include a short roadmap as part of your opening to let audience members know how your presentation is structured.
    IN A NUTSHELL
Do not open with a boring “me-focused” opening, a “thank you” or a joke
Open with one or a combination of the following five gambits:
Story
Question
Quotation
Interesting/Startling statement
Callback
Include a big promise (explicit or implicit)
Use pain statements (explicit or implicit)
Provide a roadmap
    Spend plenty of time writing and re-writing your opening. Rehearse your opening. Get feedback regarding the start and ending of your speech from friends and colleagues. All the time you invest in perfecting the opening of your presentation will be worth it.

CHAPTER FIVE
    Building the Body of Your Presentation

    The body of the speech is where you begin building the main points and arguments. Armed with your core message, you can build your argument logically and support your points using stories, statistics, analogies, activities, etc.
    The key thing to keep in mind is that every time you make a point, you need to tie your point to an anchor.
    What is an anchor?
    An anchor is a device that you use to hook your point to your listeners’ memories. You can use several types of anchors to support your main points.
    10 ANCHORS TO MAKE YOUR POINTS MEMORABLE
    Every time you make a point, you need to “tie it down” with an anchor. The mistake most presenters make is that they give too many points and don’t use anchors to make their points stick. As a result, their points are forgotten.
    You can choose any one of the following eight anchors to hook your points to your listeners’ memory:
    1. ANECDOTES (STORIES)
    Tell a story that illustrates your main point. A well-told story acts like a memorable testimonial.
    Now, for a second, imagine that you’re a politician. Imagine that you’re presented with the biggest opportunity of your life – the opportunity to speak at a large national convention, in front of thousands of people and millions more watching on TV. You’re well known locally, but relatively unknown on the national stage. How would you begin that address?
    In 2004, Barack Obama was selected to give the keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention (DNC). At the time of the DNC keynote, Obama was an Illinois state senator, but he was relatively unknown on the national stage. The speech he gave turned him into a national star and led to talk about his potential for a future run for the presidency. Less than a minute into his speech at the DNC, Obama launched into a story that supports the main theme of his speech. Putting politics aside, the excerpt below of Obama’s 2004 DNC speech is worth studying:
Tonight is a particular honor for me because — let’s face it — my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely. My father was a foreign student, born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats, went to school in a tin-roof shack. His father — my grandfather — was a cook, a domestic servant to the British.
But my grandfather had larger dreams for his son. Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place, America, that shone as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come before.
While studying here, my father met my mother. She was born in a town on the other side of the world, in Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs and farms through most of the Depression. The day after Pearl Harbor my grandfather signed up for duty; joined Patton’s army,